Introduction
Organic fertilizers are made from natural resources, such as plant or animal sources, and are used for plant growth and sustainability. These fertilizers are derived from organic matter and are often used to improve soil fertility and plant growth. Unlike synthetic fertilizers that are made from chemicals and can have negative environmental impacts, organic fertilizers work slowly by releasing nutrients into the soil providing a continuous source of food for plants. The nutrients in organic fertilizers are typically released over a period of weeks or months, depending on the type of fertilizer and the conditions in the soil. This slow release of nutrients helps to prevent nutrient leaching and reduces the risk of over-fertilization.
Types of organic fertilizers
There are many different types of organic fertilizers, each having its unique nutrient and benefits. Organic fertilizers can be classified in the following ways:
1. Plant-based organic fertilizers: Compost made by decomposing organic matter available in nature, such as leftover food waste, yard waste, or manure in controlled environments providing materials that are rich in nutrients and can be used to fertilize plants. Green manure involves growing plants acting as fertilizers in the soil. After the plant grows, it’s tilled into the soil adding nutrients to improve soil structure and increase the fertility of the soil.
2. Animal-based organic fertilizers: Animal manure, bone meal, blood meal, fish emulsion, and worm casting are used as fertilizers as they are a good source of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Cow-dung is considered to be an excellent form of animal-based manure used by farmers to promote plant growth.
3. Minerals-based organic fertilizers: Fertilizers that are developed by chemical process from the sources available in nature naturally. These fertilizers add the necessary macro or micronutrients which are needed in the soil to balance its composition. Mineral fertilizers are necessary, but they may make soil imbalance by not using them in the proper amount.
Manufacturing process of organic fertilizer
The basic manufacturing process of organic fertilizers includes:
- Collecting organic materials
- Pre-treatment of the materials collected
- Composting the organic materials
- Curing and maturing the compost
- Grinding, drying, and screening process of the compost
- Mixing the compost with organic nutrients
- Granulation
- Pelletizing the granulated material
- Screening the palletized material
- Packaging and labelling
The collection of raw materials includes collecting all the organic materials like manures, food waste, bone meal, yard wastes, etc. to create nutrient-rich fertilizer. Once the material is collected, they are prepared for processing, which involves shredding, chopping, or grinding the material to reduce its size so that it can decompose easily. After pre-treating, the collected materials are then placed in a compost pile or specially designed pits, which are used to decompose the materials. The compost materials are then left to cure, allowing the breaking down of the remaining microorganisms, which are matured to make the soil rich in nutrients. After curing and maturing, the materials are grinded and screened to convert them into finer particles and remove moisture from the finished compost. The finished compost is mixed with organic nutrients or minerals based on micro or macronutrients necessary for plant growth. The granulation process involves a binding agent to the compost, making it easier to handle. The granulated material is then pelletized, compressing the materials into pellets, which makes the fertilizer easier to transport and store. The pellets are cured or aged with the screening process, allowing the nutrients to release slowly over time. The pellets are then packed in bags or containers and labelled with all the necessary information regarding the contents of fertilizer, its application, and the direction for use.
Conclusion
Organic fertilizers have several benefits, including improving soil health, promoting healthy root growth, and improving plant health. They are environment-friendly, made from renewable resources, and less expensive compared to synthetic fertilizers.
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